According to Professor Christopher Exley, Ph.D., of the Birchall Centre at Keele University, Staffordshire, U.K., aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and the most abundant metal, yet there is no known use whatsoever for aluminum in the human body (Dr. Paul Offit, the vaccine industry’s most zealous spokesperson, notwithstanding). As a matter of fact, there is no evidence that any living or extinct organism has ever had a biological purpose for aluminum. This implies that, despite aluminum’s abundance, bioavailable forms of aluminum have not been part of the human environment until relatively recent years.